Transsexuals in Iran

[sesame]

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Although I question about the numerical or Decimal system being of Arabic source. The concept of Zero came from Kanad the proponent of Vaishesic philosophy in India. Plus the decimal system was already there in vedic maths. I am a student of Philosophy, so trust me on this.

[ila]

Originally Posted by sesame

0====1====2====3====4====5====6====7====8====9==:D

Although I question about the numerical or Decimal system being of Arabic source. The concept of Zero came from Kanad the proponent of Vaishesic philosophy in India. Plus the decimal system was already there in vedic maths. I am a student of Philosophy, so trust me on this.

I remember watching a documentary on the number 0. The documentary also mentioned that the origin of 0 was in India. I also seem to remember that although we call our numerals 'Arabic numeral' the Arabic numeral originated in India.

[sesame]

Without zero there is no decimal system. So Decimal system also came from India. Even to this day Vedic maths is popular in parts of Bangalore (Southern India). They solve huge equations within seconds! Have you ever heard of Srinivasa Ramanujam the Indian mathematician who gave the most accurate value of pi? He was also from S. India.

"As sands that lie as individual grains, make up the whole beach, so does Anu, tiny indivisible particles make up all matter." - Kanad (describing the existence of Atoms in ancient times.)

As for Algebra, the basic principles originated in Persia. Al Zabre, yes, thats what they called it.

The Phoenician sailors and merchants connected the ancient world on water and the Arabic traders and invaders monopolized the land routes. They were the carriers of ancient science and technology.

Below there is a compass-like Qibla to find the direction of Mecca from anywhere. 18th century artifact.

The stamp portrays Md. Ibn Musa Al-Khwarazmi, the father of algorithm and algebra, a mathematician and astronomer who lived around 780AD to 850 AD in Uzbekistan.

[sesame]

al-Kitāb al-mukhtaar fī Hisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala

The original book of balancing any equation by algebra. 830 AD, Arabic.

[SluttyShemaleAnna]

The numerals we call Arabic numerals actually come from India, and are called Hindu numerals by most people outside Europe. The Indian decimal system is actually extremely old, certainly older than any culture or religion we know today. They are only called Arabic numeral in Europe, because European scholars first learned them from Arabs who had travelled to India. Although zero and a decimal system were already invented in Europe before the Indian numerals arrived, they were just not widely used.

And the idea that Muslims invented fighting on horseback is rather bizzare, considering the epic cavalry battles of the Roman empire, the Romans went up against everything from British chariots to Hannibal's elephants on horseback. Maybe your thinking of horseback archery, which they didn't invent, but were very proficient at.

Atomism as a theory developed independently in Greece and India at about the same time, however the Greek theory had the important concept of Void as well. Of course the mechanics of both theories was utter bollocks of course and remember the indivisible particles are quarks, not atoms, physicists just got ahead of themselves and called it on Atomism too soon.


It alway seems to bother me when all the developments of the middle east and india are called Islamic inventions and Islamic science. There's something about the way people say Islam gave us algebra, or Islam invented whatever.

No on would claim Christianity discovered gravity and calculus, or that Paganism gave us trigonometry and mechanical computers, why is it that Islam takes credit for all the inventions developed in the Islamic empire, in a way that no one would with any other religion?

[sesame]

Originally Posted by ShemaleFan_UK

Credit where credit's due.

Anna, dear, thats probably would be the best answer to your statement. The modern world maintains a poor image of the muslims and tend to forget what their contributions are. I criticised them above but I'm not blind to the good things that came from 'em.
Dont say that you are unaware of the fact that History has been twisted and turned according to the convenience of the Dominating nation. It has most often been a Political Propaganda rather than the undoctored truth. Think of the medieval church and the atrocities they inflicted upon the free thinkers. Consider how the Nazi expounded the twisted idea of the Aryan supremacy as a race and used it to their advantage. Consider the Aryan Invasion bullshit as postulated by the British scholars. Is it History as it is or History rewritten?

Originally Posted by SluttyShemaleAnna

And the idea that Muslims invented fighting on horseback is rather bizzare, considering the epic cavalry battles of the Roman empire, the Romans went up against everything from British chariots to Hannibal's elephants on horseback. Maybe your thinking of horseback archery, which they didn't invent, but were very proficient at.

Right; They were not necessarily muslims that faught on horseback, consider them as pre-islamic Persians then. But they were the desert people who learnt to use horses as a mobilising technique in ancient warfare. You cannot predate Greek cavalry to Persian cavalry, remember Darius the great? 550BC.
Hannibal(247BC). The earliest Assyrian fighters, Persuma (early Persians) and Medes came from 850BC.

[sesame]

Long before the Iron Age, right in the middle of the Bronze Age, men fighting on horseback (cavalry) became the deciding factor for victory in warfare. Light horse-drawn chariots were used by the Sintashta-Petrovka warriors of Central Asia and nomadic Indo Iranians around 850 BC or earlier . And Greeks even learn to ride the first horse around 750 BC. [see the Greek timeline image below]
The horse driven chariot was soon adopted by the Pharaohs of the New Kingdom of Egypt as well as Assyrian and Babylonian ruling class.

Cavalry techniques were invented by Nomadic Horsemen of the Central Asian and Indo Iranian tribes such as the Persians, Parthians, Sarmatians and Aryan Ksatriyas. See the inscription dated 860 BC.

[SHEMALE_SEEKER]

Originally Posted by sesame

0====1====2====3====4====5====6====7====8====9==:D

Although I question about the numerical or Decimal system being of Arabic source. The concept of Zero came from Kanad the proponent of Vaishesic philosophy in India. Plus the decimal system was already there in vedic maths. I am a student of Philosophy, so trust me on this.

COOL, That's real cool.

[ila]

I watched on documentary, last night, about the citizens of Tehran. It was certainly not the Tehran I had expected to see from the news reports that are in the media. There were not a lot of men with long beards and plain clothing. Nor were the women veiled and wearing black. Instead most citizens were dressed as you would find people dressed in the west. The women did wear headscarves. One reporter that was interviewed explained the dress as being a form of expression because the people have been repressed for so long in so many ways.

Iran is still not a liberal society, but after watching that documentary I would conclude that it is not as harsh as the media leads us to believe.

(The documentary was filmed by a BBC reporter and camera crew. The reporter did point out restrictions still in place.)

[jimnaseum]

10,000 years ago people were the physically exactly the way they are today. People are People
But what I wanted to say was that before the Roman Empire became the Holy Roman Empire, there was no word for homosexual. It was all just sex. You were judged on how you handled it.